Silica gel is an amorphous porous form of silica (silica), composed of irregular three-dimensional frameworks, alternately arranged by irregular three-dimensional frameworks, with nano-scale voids and pores. The void may contain water or some other liquid, or may be filled with gas or vacuum. In the latter case, the material is appropriately called silica xerogel.
Silica xerogel with an average pore diameter of 2.4 nanometers has a strong affinity for water molecules, so it is widely used as a desiccant. It is hard and translucent, but much softer than bulk quartz glass or quartz. And still hard after being filled with water.
Silica xerogels are usually commercialized as coarse particles or beads with a diameter of a few millimeters. Some grains may contain small amounts of indicators, which change color when they absorb some water. Dry food packaging usually contains small paper bags containing silica xerogel particles, usually with a "do not eat" warning to absorb any humidity that may cause food to spoil.
The "wet" silica gel, which can be freshly prepared from an alkaline silicate solution, can vary in consistency from a soft transparent gel similar to gelatin or agar to a hard solid (ie, a dry gel soaked in water). It is sometimes used in laboratory procedures, for example, to inhibit convection in liquids or prevent suspended particles from settling.
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